What Are Torque Wrenches and Their Common Types?

When working with fasteners, there are a number of tools that may be used for installation, repair, and other applications. For fastening nuts and bolts that need to be torqued to a very specific, predetermined value in particular, a tool known as a torque wrench is used. With such an instrument, one can tighten fasteners to the proper tension level without accidentally causing damage as a result of over-tightening or other issues. As multiple forms of torque wrenches exist for numerous applications, it can be beneficial to have a basic overview of such tools.

Many operations rely on the use of torque wrenches to install fasteners, common examples including automotive repairs, home maintenance, construction projects, and much more. While basic wrenches may be optimal for a DIY project, torque wrenches are specifically used when there is a requirement for a secure and tight installation that can be steadily relied on over time and throughout stressors. Though torque wrenches may vary in shape and size to accommodate different needs, the biggest difference between them is how easily they can be adjusted and how their torque values can be read.

Electronic torque wrenches are a fairly common and modern solution, devoid of any moving parts as an electric sensor is employed to detect torque values. To do this, the tool senses how much twisting force is applied during use and conveys it to the user through a digital display. If readings need to be stored for later use, an electronic torque wrench with a memory stick or chip storage solution will be best.

As a more simplistic and cheaper option, beam torque wrenches are also common. These feature a mechanical scale near the handle with a pointer that will move across the scale as torque is applied. With this basic capability, beam torque wrenches are easy to use for tightening and loosening fasteners.

In instances where extreme precision is paramount for safety and operational efficiency, the micrometer torque wrench is often a suitable solution. With these instruments, an audible click will be heard when the predetermined torque value is reached, making it easy to achieve accuracy. Generally, these types are used in cargo operations. For the most accurate solution that even beats out the micrometer torque wrench, the dial torque wrench is best. This type often finds use in aerospace and defense industries.

When you are planning to use a torque wrench, you should always be sure that it is properly calibrated. Additionally, the lock should be disengaged to adjust the wrench, though the handle must be locked again before use to maintain settings. When it comes to the actual application of torque, the exact process will vary by the tool and its design. With most tool types, tightening can be conducted until an audible click is heard or a gauge displays that the intended setting is reached. Once that happens, stop turning before you overtighten the fastener. If you ever question the torque of a particular bolt or nut, always be sure to loosen it before tightening for similar reasons.

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